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Georgian Architecture

by Robert Stockton
 
Charleston’s colonial high style was based on English architecture of the period. Its popularity coincided with the reigns of George I, II and III, and therefore is called Georgian. Another term, Palladian, reflects the influence of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio.

Georgian Palladianism emphasized symmetry, in balanced facades and floor plans. The central hall derived from Palladio’s symmetrical villa designs. The English introduced the ceremonial staircase into the central hall.

Charleston’s wealthy rice planters and merchants had the means and the taste for high style architecture. They traveled often to London and collected books on architecture. Some were “gentlemen architects.”

Miles Brewton, who built his grand house at 27 King Street, ca. 1769, may have designed it himself. Its double portico was inspired by designs in Palladio’s Four Books of Architecture. The elaborately carved woodwork, inside and out, was mostly designed and executed by Ezra Waite, an artisan from London.

 

Another widely acclaimed example of Georgian-Palladian architecture is Drayton Hall which is on view for those who purchase a ticket. Rather than having been restored, the house survives as an artifact in near original condition, and shows a striking resemblance to designs in Palladio’s books. (Take a visit, a shuttle is offered daily, and the tour guides have the reputation for being some of Charleston’s best informed guides. )

A Sampling from Tours & Attractions

Culinary Tours of Charleston:

122 East Bay St.  727-2165. Built in 1771 as the Customs House and Exchange, this is the last public building built by the British and is packed with historically significant highlights: patriot  soldiers were held in the dungeons, George Washington was entertained here, South Carolina ratified the US Constitution here, and a portion of the original fortification of the walled city, the oldest surviving structure in Charleston, was excavated from thedungeon below in 1965. The building sits on the site where pirates were once held. Guided tours of the dungeon every 30 minutes by costumed guides and a self-guided tour of the top two floors are included. Adults $7; 7–12 $3.50.  website

Children’s Museum of the Lowcountry:

122 East Bay St.  727-2165. Built in 1771 as the Customs House and Exchange, this is the last public building built by the British and is packed with historically significant highlights: patriot  soldiers were held in the dungeons, George Washington was entertained here, South Carolina ratified the US Constitution here, and a portion of the original fortification of the walled city, the oldest surviving structure in Charleston, was excavated from thedungeon below in 1965. The building sits on the site where pirates were once held. Guided tours of the dungeon every 30 minutes by costumed guides and a self-guided tour of the top two floors are included. Adults $7; 7–12 $3.50.  website

South Carolina Aquarium:

122 East Bay St.  727-2165. Built in 1771 as the Customs House and Exchange, this is the last public building built by the British and is packed with historically significant highlights: patriot  soldiers were held in the dungeons, George Washington was entertained here, South Carolina ratified the US Constitution here, and a portion of the original fortification of the walled city, the oldest surviving structure in Charleston, was excavated from thedungeon below in 1965. The building sits on the site where pirates were once held. Guided tours of the dungeon every 30 minutes by costumed guides and a self-guided tour of the top two floors are included. Adults $7; 7–12 $3.50.  website

Charlestowne Landing:

122 East Bay St.  727-2165. Built in 1771 as the Customs House and Exchange, this is the last public building built by the British and is packed with historically significant highlights: patriot  soldiers were held in the dungeons, George Washington was entertained here, South Carolina ratified the US Constitution here, and a portion of the original fortification of the walled city, the oldest surviving structure in Charleston, was excavated from thedungeon below in 1965. The building sits on the site where pirates were once held. Guided tours of the dungeon every 30 minutes by costumed guides and a self-guided tour of the top two floors are included. Adults $7; 7–12 $3.50.  website

Gullah Tours:

122 East Bay St.  727-2165. Built in 1771 as the Customs House and Exchange, this is the last public building built by the British and is packed with historically significant highlights: patriot  soldiers were held in the dungeons, George Washington was entertained here, South Carolina ratified the US Constitution here, and a portion of the original fortification of the walled city, the oldest surviving structure in Charleston, was excavated from thedungeon below in 1965. The building sits on the site where pirates were once held. Guided tours of the dungeon every 30 minutes by costumed guides and a self-guided tour of the top two floors are included. Adults $7; 7–12 $3.50.  website